- EPF (Employee Provident Fund)
- A statutory retirement savings scheme under the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. Both employee and employer contribute 12% of basic salary monthly. The fund earns a declared annual interest rate (8.25% for FY 2023-24) and is exempt from tax on maturity after 5 years of service.
- EPS (Employee Pension Scheme)
- A pension scheme within the EPF framework, funded by up to 8.33% of the employer's contribution (capped at βΉ1,250/month). EPS pays a monthly pension after retirement, calculated as (Pensionable Salary Γ Service Years) Γ· 70. Minimum guaranteed pension is βΉ1,000/month. The pensionable salary is capped at βΉ15,000 regardless of actual salary.
- VPF (Voluntary Provident Fund)
- An optional extension of EPF where an employee contributes more than the mandatory 12% of basic salary. VPF earns the same EPF interest rate (8.25%), is eligible for 80C deduction within the βΉ1.5 lakh limit, and the maturity is fully tax-free after 5 years. The employer is not required to match VPF contributions.
- Basic Salary (EPF context)
- The fixed core component of your monthly salary on which EPF contributions are calculated. Does not include HRA, special allowances, bonuses, or perquisites. Typically 40β50% of CTC in private sector. Higher basic means higher EPF contributions and a larger corpus, but also lower take-home pay β a trade-off many employees consciously navigate.
- PF Wage Ceiling
- The monthly salary threshold above which EPF membership is not mandatory for new employees. Currently βΉ15,000/month basic. Employees earning above this can opt out of EPF (for new memberships), but once enrolled, they typically stay enrolled. The EPS wage ceiling is the same βΉ15,000 and caps the pensionable salary regardless of actual salary.
- Pensionable Service
- Total years of qualifying employment counted for EPS pension calculation, capped at 35 years. Service gaps (unemployment, career breaks) may reduce pensionable service. Transferring EPF on job changes ensures service continuity carries over. More pensionable service means a higher monthly pension.
- Corpus
- The total accumulated value of an investment fund at a specific date β in this context, your total EPF account balance at retirement. EPF corpus = all employee contributions + employer contributions to EPF (net of EPS) + all interest credited annually. The corpus can be withdrawn tax-free after 5 years of service.
- Interest Crediting
- EPFO credits EPF interest once a year at the end of March, on the balance in your account. The interest is computed monthly on the running balance, but actually deposited annually. Withdrawal before the year end means interest for that partial year may not be credited, which is why it is better to align withdrawals with the financial year end.